Radiation Attenuation over Different Materials - Revision history

Ist165721: Text replacement - "\]" to ""

2015-05-24T19:19:58Z

Text replacement - "\]" to "</math>"

Ist165721: Text replacement - "\[" to " $"$

2015-05-24T18:42:30Z

Text replacement - "\[" to "<math>"

Ist128595 at 20:52, 20 October 2013

2013-10-20T20:52:28Z

Ist128595 at 20:50, 20 October 2013

2013-10-20T20:50:33Z

Ist128595 at 20:48, 20 October 2013

2013-10-20T20:48:00Z

Ist128595 at 20:45, 20 October 2013

2013-10-20T20:45:26Z

Ist128595 at 20:40, 20 October 2013

2013-10-20T20:40:06Z

Ist165721 at 11:10, 21 April 2013

2013-04-21T11:10:57Z

Ist165721 at 11:09, 21 April 2013

2013-04-21T11:09:31Z

Ist165721 at 11:09, 21 April 2013

2013-04-21T11:09:06Z

@@ Line 96: / Line 96: @@
 <math>
 \frac{dN}{dt} = - \lambda \times N
-\]
+</math>
 where \( \lambda \) is the decay constant. The solution of this equation tells us that, for a given time, the number of remaining nuclei is
 <math>
 N = N_0 \times e^{- \lambda t}
-\]
+</math>
 Differentiating in relation to time, we get the sample's rate of decay (i.e. how many decays occur per second) a.k.a. radioactivity.
 <math>
 R = \frac{dN}{dt} = N_0 \times \lambda \times e^{- \lambda t}
-\]
+</math>
 The half-life, as the name implies, is the time it takes for an initial sample to decay into half:
 <math>
 T_{^1/_2} = \frac{ln(2)}{\lambda}
-\]
+</math>
 =Links=
 *[[Atenuação da Radiação em Diferentes Materiais | Portuguese version (Versão em Português)]]

@@ Line 94: / Line 94: @@
 The mathematical law that describes radioactive decay tells us that the variation of the number of radioactive nuclei, i.e. the number of decays at a given moment is proportional to its quantity:
-\[
+<math>
 \frac{dN}{dt} = - \lambda \times N
 \]
 where \( \lambda \) is the decay constant. The solution of this equation tells us that, for a given time, the number of remaining nuclei is
-\[
+<math>
 N = N_0 \times e^{- \lambda t}
 \]
 Differentiating in relation to time, we get the sample's rate of decay (i.e. how many decays occur per second) a.k.a. radioactivity.
-\[
+<math>
 R = \frac{dN}{dt} = N_0 \times \lambda \times e^{- \lambda t}
 \]
 The half-life, as the name implies, is the time it takes for an initial sample to decay into half:
-\[
+<math>
 T_{^1/_2} = \frac{ln(2)}{\lambda}
 \]

@@ Line 76: / Line 76: @@
 # For copper, infer length of semi-reduction, i.e. the length it takes to halve the number of Geiger-Müller counts;
 # The user will observe that experiments conducted under the same conditions will give different values. This is caused by the randomness of nuclear processes. A way to prove this is to verify that the number of counts in the same conditions follow a Binomial or Poisson Distribution due to the extremely low probability of the event.
-Because of this last factor, the experimental error can be atenuated by adding several values of radioactive decay to the same conditions.
+Due to this last factor, the experimental error can be atenuated by adding several values of radioactive decay under the same conditions.

@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 # Verify the linear absorption rate of the different materials, trying to establish a theoretical law that relates the intensity with the surface mass of each element;
 # For copper, infer length of semi-reduction, i.e. the length it takes to halve the number of Geiger-Müller counts;
-# The user will observe that experiments conducted under the same conditions will give diferent values. This is caused by the randomness of nuclear processes. A way to prove this is to verify that the number of counts in the same conditions follow a Binomial or Poisson Distribution due to the extremelly low probability of the event.
+# The user will observe that experiments conducted under the same conditions will give different values. This is caused by the randomness of nuclear processes. A way to prove this is to verify that the number of counts in the same conditions follow a Binomial or Poisson Distribution due to the extremely low probability of the event.
-Because of this last factor, the experimental error can be atenuated by adding several values of radioactive decay under the same conditions.
+Because of this last factor, the experimental error can be atenuated by adding several values of radioactive decay to the same conditions.

@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 =Protocol (Basic Laboratory)=
 The suggested protocol for this experiment in the Basic Laboratory is the following:
-# Study the variation of the radiation intensity as the distance changes, given by the detector's output;
+# Study the variation of the radiation intensity (given by the detector's output) as the distance changes;
 # Verify the linear absorption rate of the different materials, trying to establish a theoretical law that relates the intensity with the surface mass of each element;
 # For copper, infer length of semi-reduction, i.e. the length it takes to halve the number of Geiger-Müller counts;

@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 =Protocol (Basic Laboratory)=
 The suggested protocol for this experiment in the Basic Laboratory is the following:
-# Study the variation of the radiation's intensity as the distance changes, given by the detector's output;
+# Study the variation of the radiation intensity as the distance changes, given by the detector's output;
-# Verify the linear absorption rate of the diferent materials, trying to establish a theoretical law that relates the intensity with the surface mass of each element;
+# Verify the linear absorption rate of the different materials, trying to establish a theoretical law that relates the intensity with the surface mass of each element;
-# For copper, infer lengh of semi-reduction, i.e. the lengh it takes to halve the number of Geiger-Müller counts;
+# For copper, infer length of semi-reduction, i.e. the length it takes to halve the number of Geiger-Müller counts;
 # The user will observe that experiments conducted under the same conditions will give diferent values. This is caused by the randomness of nuclear processes. A way to prove this is to verify that the number of counts in the same conditions follow a Binomial or Poisson Distribution due to the extremelly low probability of the event.
 Because of this last factor, the experimental error can be atenuated by adding several values of radioactive decay under the same conditions.
@@ Line 84: / Line 84: @@
 # Verify the mathematical law for Radioactive Decay.
 # For the same material and distance, record a large number of decays.
-# Fit a Gaussian function to the data and see if the fitting improves by adding more experimental data, .
+# Fit a Gaussian function to the data and see if the fitting improves by adding more experimental data.
@@ Line 92: / Line 92: @@
 ==Radioactive Decay==
-The mathematical law that describes radioactive decay tells us that the variation of the number of radioactive nuclei, i.e. the number of decays at a given instant, is proportional to its quantity:
+The mathematical law that describes radioactive decay tells us that the variation of the number of radioactive nuclei, i.e. the number of decays at a given moment is proportional to its quantity:
 \[

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 =Description of the Experiment=
-This laboratory uses a [[#Theoretical Principles|Geiger-Müller]] detector to measure the radiation from a radioactive source (\( ^{241}Am_{95} \), [http://www.speclab.com/elements/americium.htm Amerício]), and study, by putting diferent materials between the source and the detector, the absorption of radiation of said materials.
+This laboratory uses a [[#Theoretical Principles|Geiger-Müller]] detector to measure the radiation from a radioactive source (\( ^{241}Am_{95} \), [http://www.speclab.com/elements/americium.htm Amerício]), and study the absorption of radiation of different materials by putting them between the source and the detector.
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 =Experimental Apparatus=
-The user can set the distance between source and detector (between 6cm and 20cm), and choose which material to position between the two parts.
+The user can set the distance between source and detector (between 6cm and 20cm), and choose which material to place between the two parts.
-The avaliable material are:
+The available materials are:
 {| border="1"
@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 The suggested protocol for this experiment in the Basic Laboratory is the following:
 # Study the variation of the radiation's intensity as the distance changes, given by the detector's output;
-# Verify the linear absorption rate of the diferent materials, trying to establish a theoretical law that relates the in intensity with the surface mass of each element;
+# Verify the linear absorption rate of the diferent materials, trying to establish a theoretical law that relates the intensity with the surface mass of each element;
 # For copper, infer lengh of semi-reduction, i.e. the lengh it takes to halve the number of Geiger-Müller counts;
-# The user will observe that experiments conducted in the same condition will give diferent values. This is caused by the randomness of nuclear processes. A way to prove this is to verify that the number of counts in the same condition follow a Binomial or Poisson Distribution due to extremelly low probability of the event.
+# The user will observe that experiments conducted under the same conditions will give diferent values. This is caused by the randomness of nuclear processes. A way to prove this is to verify that the number of counts in the same conditions follow a Binomial or Poisson Distribution due to the extremelly low probability of the event.
-Because of this last factor, the experimental error can be atenuated by adding several values of radioactive decay in the same conditions.
+Because of this last factor, the experimental error can be atenuated by adding several values of radioactive decay under the same conditions.
 =Advanced Protocol (Intermidiate Laboratory)=
 A slightly more advanced protocol is:
-# Looking at Americium's (\(^{241}Am_{95}\)) half-life and at the database, compare the number of decays in the same conditions (material in between and distance) in the past and in the present.
+# Looking at Americium's (\(^{241}Am_{95}\)) half-life and at the database, compare the number of decays under the same conditions (material in between and distance) in the past and in the present.
 # Verify the mathematical law for Radioactive Decay.
 # For the same material and distance, record a large number of decays.
-# Fit a Gaussian function to the data and see if, by adding more experimental data, the fitting improves.
+# Fit a Gaussian function to the data and see if the fitting improves by adding more experimental data, .
@@ Line 92: / Line 92: @@
 ==Radioactive Decay==
-The mathematical law that describes radioactive decay tells us that the variation of the number of radioactive nuclei, i.e. the number of decays at a given instant, is proportional to it's quantity:
+The mathematical law that describes radioactive decay tells us that the variation of the number of radioactive nuclei, i.e. the number of decays at a given instant, is proportional to its quantity:
 \[
@@ Line 103: / Line 103: @@
 \]
-Differentiating with respect to time, we get the sample's rate of decay (i.e. how many decays occur per second) a.k.a. radioactivity.
+Differentiating in relation to time, we get the sample's rate of decay (i.e. how many decays occur per second) a.k.a. radioactivity.
 \[
 R = \frac{dN}{dt} = N_0 \times \lambda \times e^{- \lambda t}
 \]
-The half-life, as the name implies, is the time it takes for an inicial sample to decay into half:
+The half-life, as the name implies, is the time it takes for an initial sample to decay into half:
 \[
 T_{^1/_2} = \frac{ln(2)}{\lambda}

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:10, 21 April 2013
Line 85:		Line 85:
	# For the same material and distance, record a large number of decays.		# For the same material and distance, record a large number of decays.
	# Fit a Gaussian function to the data and see if, by adding more experimental data, the fitting improves.		# Fit a Gaussian function to the data and see if, by adding more experimental data, the fitting improves.
−
−
−	~~=Data Analysis=~~
−	~~Under construction.~~

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:420px">
-'''Ligações'''
+'''Links'''
 <div class="mw-collapsible-content">

Radiation Attenuation over Different Materials - Revision history

Ist165721: Text replacement - "\]" to ""

Ist165721: Text replacement - "\[" to ""

Ist128595 at 20:52, 20 October 2013

Ist128595 at 20:50, 20 October 2013

Ist128595 at 20:48, 20 October 2013

Ist128595 at 20:45, 20 October 2013

Ist128595 at 20:40, 20 October 2013

Ist165721 at 11:10, 21 April 2013

Ist165721 at 11:09, 21 April 2013

Ist165721 at 11:09, 21 April 2013

Ist165721: Text replacement - "\[" to " $"$